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- Courses
- American Film Industry
- Home Video and Independent Hollywood
- Existing Modes Of Exhibition
- theatrical
- television distribution
- New Modes
- Drive In Theaters
- first was in New Jersey in the 1930s
- take advantage of cheap land in suburban places
- spread of automobile
- would explode after World War II
- Multiplex
- Stanley Durwood
- American Multi-Cinema Corporation
- Ward Parkway Center in Kansas City (1963)
- Megaplex
- AMC Grand 24 Dallas (1995)
- Multiple Screenings of Same Film
- Economies of Scale applied to exhibition location
- Allows for saturation releases
- Sony Betamax
- introduced by Sony in 1975
- designed to record television programs off air
- time shifting device
- Videotape and Videodisks
- AMPEX magnetic video tape, 1958
- MCA Discovision, optical video disc 1977
- Pioneer Laserdisc
- Betamax Case
- Universal and Disney studios sued
- Recording of movies over television
- Copyright law was updated in 1976
- allowed for personal time-shifting
- Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. (1984)
- SCOTUS decided in Sony’s favor
- case reveals old media companies’ obstinate stance towards new media technology
- Hollywood Home Video
- Studios began releasing prerecorded videocassettes with movies
- added new exhibition window
- revenues grew throughout decade
- home video outpaced box office by 1986
- majority of revenues came from home video (still does)
- Independents
- Early Figures
- Quentin Tarantino
- John Sayles
- Rise of Sundance
- Utah-US Film Festival (1978)
- Sundance Foundation (1985)
- Annual festival in January. Park City, Utah
- Most visible US film festival
- Notable Sundance Films
- Blood Simple (1985)
- sex, lies, and videotape (1989)
- Poison (1991)
- Reservoir Dogs (1992)
- Precious… (2009)
- sex lies and videotape
- first feature by Steven Soderbergh
- Annie McDowell
- James Spader
- premiered at Sundance, 1989
- acquired by Miramax
- received international acclaim
- Ten Forces Shaping Hollywood Indie Cinema
- Need for self-expression
- Hollywood’s move away from serious, middle-range films
- Increased opportunities and capital in financing indies
- Greater demand for visual media across various platforms
- Supportive Baby-Boom generation audiences
- Decline of foreign-language films in the US market
- Proliferation of film schools
- Emergence of Sundance Film Festival
- Development of organizational networks
- Commercial success for indies
- Milestone Films of the US Independent Movement
- El Mariachi (Robert Rodriguez, 1991)
- Slacker (Richard Linklater, 1991)
- Poison (Todd Haynes, 1991)
- Daughters of the Dust (Julie Dash, 1991)
- One False Move (1992) and Devil in a Blue Dress (1995)Carl Franklin
- Reservoir Dogs (1992) and Pulp Fiction (1994)Quentin Tarantino
- Gas Food Lodging (Alison Anders, 1992)
- Go Fish (Rose Troche, 1994)
- The Brothers McMullen (Edward Burns, 1995)
- Indie Power Brokers
- Christine Vachon
- Jon Pierson
- Harvey Weinstein
- Best Picture Nominees, 1997 Academy Awards
- Jerry Maguire
Columbia Tri-star Pictures
- Fargo
Gramercy Pictures
- Shine
Australian Film Finance Corporation
- Secrets and Lies
Channel Four Films
- The English Patient
Miramax