Juan Monroy — New Hollywood

Motion Picture Ratings System
- Motion Picture Association of America
- Jack Valenti, MPAA
  - Production Code was “out of date and bearing ”the odious smell of censorship.”
- new system took effect November 1, 1968
- ratings were advised and supervised by…
- MPAA Classification and Ratings Administration
- the National Association of Theater Owners (NATO)
- the International Film Importers & Distributors of America (IFIDA)
Four Age-Based Ratings
- Rated G: Suggested for general audiences.
- Rated M: Suggested for mature audiences - Parental discretion advised.
- Rated R: Restricted – persons under 16 not admitted, unless accompanied by parent or adult guardian.
- Rated X: Persons under 16 not admitted.
- Films were no longer “something for everyone”
Rise of Adult Film
- Mainstreaming of Adult Films
- Deep Throat (Gerard Damiano, 1972)
- Devil in Miss Jones (Gerard Damiano, 1973)
- Behind the Green Door (Artie and Jim Mitchell, 1972)
- The Opening of Misty Beethoven (Radley Metzger, 1976)
Moguls Retire
- Darryl Zanuck
  - 20th Century-Fox
  - 1933–1971
- Adolph Zukor
  - Paramount
  - founded Famous Players, 1912
  - retired from Paramount, 1959
  - chairman emeritus until death in 1973 (103 years old)
Conglomeration
- Hollywood studios losing money
  - TV siphoning audience
  - loss of relevance among middle-brow viewers
- Paramount
  - Gulf Western, 1966
- Warner Brothers
  - Seven Arts, 1967
  - Kinney National, 1969
- MGM
  - Edgar Bronfman, 1967
  - Kirk Kerkorian, 1969
New Hollywood, New Freedom
- New generation of moguls had no idea how to make movies
- Moguls allowed filmmakers to make movies, hoping for great returns
Easy Rider (1969)
- Dennis Hopper, director
- American Independent Pictures
- Launched countercultural movement in film
- $400k in budget, $60M in box office
Hollywood Auteurs
- New breed of filmmakers
  - Francis Ford Coppola
  - Robert Altman
  - Martin Scorsese
- Reinvented older filmmakers
  - Stanley Kubrick
  - William Friedkin
  - George Lucas
The Godfather (1972)
Transformation of Genres
- old genres made new
- westerns: McCabe and Mrs. Miller (Robert Altman, 1971)
- gangster film: Godfather (Francis Ford Coppola, 1972)
- musicals: Cabaret (Bob Fosse, 1972)
- film noir: Chinatown (Roman Polanski, 1974)
Themes
- adult themes: sex, crime, violence, language
- socially relevant: reflected racial, gender, socially political concerns of the day
- more frank and candid: explicit language, graphic violence
Narration
- relationship between story and screen
- events told in unconventional ways
- flash forward in The Godfather
Cinematography
- close ups
- zooms
- framing techniques
Mise-en-Scène
- realistic, less stylized than previous Hollywood filmmaking
- contemporary costuming
- modern subjects and settings
Editing
- dis-continuituous editing
- jump cuts
- breaking of 180° rule
Sound
- contemporary music
- exploitation of multichannel sound
- sound bridges, made possible by multitrack recording technology
End of the New Hollywood Era
- Apocalypse Now (1979)
- Heaven’s Gate (1980)
- United Artists bankruptcy and sale to MGM