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- American Film Industry
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- Major Studios
- MGM
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- United Artists
- Paramount
- 20th Century-Fox
- Columbia
- Disney
- Universal
- Studios in Crisis
- declining attendance
- fewer films
- mammoth studio facilities
- Best Picture Nominees 1968
- Dr. Doolittle (1967)
- In the Heat of the Night
- Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner?
- Bonnie and Clyde
- The Graduate
- Roadshow Release
- established as a counter to television
- opened in large cities for a specified period of time
- followed by a worldwide (“general”) release
- screenings included an intermission
- films were substantially longer than other films
- one or two screenings per day
- advanced purchase of reserved seats required
- ticket prices were higher than the general release
- patrons would receive a souvenir program
- Sound of Music (1965)
- March 1965
- Richard Rogers and Oscar Hammerstein
- Maria and the von Trapp family in Austria during WWII
- Financial Success
- roadshow release
- general release to 131 screens
- theatrical release lasted for four and half years
- Budget: $8.2 mil
- Gross: $158 mil
- Successful Roadshow Releases
- West Side Story (1961)
- El Cid (1961)
- How the West Was Won (1962)
- Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
- Unsuccessful Roadshow Releases
- Cleopatra (1963)
- Fall of the Roman Empire (1964)
- Battle of Britain (1969)
- Doctor Dolittle (1967)
- Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967)
- Star! (1968)
- Paint Your Wagon (1969)
- Hollywood Epics Out of Touch with Consumers
- youth audiences largely dismissed these films
- movies were family friendly
- similar to French cinema, late 1950s
- rebelled against “cinema du papa”
- The Big Changes in the 1960s
- Fall of the Production Code
- Influence of European New Waves
- Violence in American Culture
- Baby Boomers Reach Maturity
- Production Code
- Guaranteed movies were “Something for everyone”
- Enforcement Weakened
- American Films
- The Man with the Golden Arm (Otto Preminger, 1955)
- Baby Doll (Elia Kazan, 1956)
- Foreign Films
- And God Created Woman (Roger Vadim, 1956)
- Motion Picture Association of America
- Previous Leaders
- Will Hays (1922–1945)
- Eric Johnson (1945–1963)
- Jack Valenti (1966–2004)
- solve the box-office decline
- modernize the Production Code
- Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
- controversy over the word "screw you”
- rated “Approved” by MPAA
- labelled for “Mature Audiences”
- big box office success, small production
- prompted released of adult- oriented dramas
- Blow Up (1967)
- scene with female, full-frontal nudity
- could not be cut
- successful release in Europe
- released in US by Premier Films
- box office success
- spelled the end of the Production Code
- studios were largely distributors not producers anymore
- Motion Picture Ratings System
- Instituted 1967
- Replaced Production Code
- Four Ratings
- Segmented audience based on age