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Juan Monroy
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Contemporary Media
Film and Home Video
Film and Home Video
Historical Eras
silent era
1900–1930
studio era
1930–1960
post-studio era
1960-present
Studio System
film studios
industrial production
controlled
actors
writers
directors
technicians
equipment
Star System
actors and actresses
Rudolph Valentino
Lillian Gish
Mary Pickford
Charlie Chaplin
Self Regulation
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America, 1922
Will Hayes
control star scandals
Fatty Arbuckle
Motion Picture Code, 1930
crime
sin
wrong doing
Coming of Sound
expensive technology
slow to develop
Warner Brothers
Jazz Singer, 1927
“talkies”
Vertical integration
five major studios
Paramount
Lowes/MGM
Warner Brother
20th Century Fox
RKO
production
distribution
exhibition
Classical Hollywood Genres
crime stories
Little Caesar (1930)
detective films
Maltese Falcon (1941)
film noir
Double Indemnity (1944)
suspense
39 Steps (1935)
historical epics
Gone with the Wind (1939)
westerns
The Searchers (1956)
End of the Studio Era
attendance peaked in 1946
government forced breakup of vertical integration, 1948
emergence of television, 1948
studios declined, 1950–1960s
RKO went out of business
other studios changed hands
independent gained more power
New Distribution
first-run distribution
cable TV
rented videocassettes
DVD sales
Netflix effect
New Theatrical Forms
lower attendance
higher ticket prices
adolescent audiences
3D
IMAX
digital projection
Big Six
Sony-Columbia
Fox
Paramount
Universal
Warner Brothers
Disney
part of media conglomerates
independent filmmakers
Film Industry
directors
producers
writers
visual designers
directors of photography
music director
film editors
special effects technicians
casting directors
and many more…
Artist guilds
Writers Guild
Screen Actors Guild
Directors Guild
Film Financing
major studios
national governments
multinational organizations
local municipal subsidies
Windows
theatrical
international distribution
pay-per-view
pay cable
DVD rentals and sales
paid downloads
streaming through Netflix
network exhibition
basic cable networks
TV syndication
all are changing…
Film Ratings
Motion Picture Association of America
segmented audience by age
in response to declining film audience
rating system, 1968
G: for all ages
PG: parental guidance suggested
PG–13: parents strongly cautioned to give guidance to children under 13
R: restricted; those under 17 must be accompanied by parent/guardian
NC–17: no one under 17 admitted
Film Piracy
copying of films with advent of VCR
consumers may record a broadcast or cable TV program
copy protections on DVDs
possible to crack copy protections
distribute on the Internet
new tools to identify pirates