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- Contemporary Media
- Books and Magazines
- alphabet
- Middle East
- 1900–1800 BCE
- Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans
- Latin alphabet
- writing technology
- Chinese
- 105 CE
- brushes
- ink
- plant-based paper
- bamboo
- print
- Chinese printing blocks
- passed to Japanese and Koreans
- then to Arabs
- metal, clay, wooden press
- c. 1051
- movable type
- Gutenberg press
- c. 1455
- Johannes Gutenberg
- Mainz, Germany
- movable, metal type
- Latin alphabet
- printed the first German-language Bible
- Growth of Literacy
- few people in early civilizations were literate
- reading and writing carried on by monks
- classical languages, prior to 1100
- vernacular languages, emerged in 1200s
- by 1400s, political, trading, and professional classes were literate
- Gutenberg Revolution
- emergence of European printing press
- mass production of print
- dropped the price of printed matter
- more printed matter for more readers
- Subjects
- Bible and religious or philosophical commentaries
- science, astronomy, philosophy, emerged in 13th century
- built a larger world context
- Early American Print
- newspapers
- magazines
- almanacs
- British magazines in America
- Gentleman’s Magazine, 1731
- miscellaneous subjects
- literature
- politics
- history
- biography
- political criticism
- 18th Century American Magazines
- William Bradford’s American Magazine, 1741
- Benjamin Franklin’s General Magazine and Historical Chronicle, 1741
- Thomas Paine’s Pennsylvanian Magazine, 1775
- proactive in sparking revolts against the British
- Rise of American Literacy
- expanding public education system
- industrial economy
- urban migration
- print prices fell
- public libraries multiplied
- popularization of book content
- dime novels
- 19th Century Magazines
- literary miscellanies
- special miscellanies
- Ladies Magazine
- Godey’s Lady’s Book
- illustrated newsweekly
- 20th Century American Literacy
- most Americans literate
- urban plurality
- new tastes
- civic affairs
- the arts
- professional matters
- politics
- 20th Century Magazines
- investigative magazines
- digests
- newsmagazines
- pictorial magazines
- Contemporary Magazines
- competition from radio and film
- mass appeal
- sold more copies
- less expensive to produce
- cost less to readers
- specialized interest
- narrow
- loyal
- targeted audience
- Kinds of Magazines
- consumer magazines
- subscriptions
- single-copy sales
- advertising
- trade magazines
- professional associations
- little, if any, targeted advertising
- Magazine Economics
- audience
- circulation
- pass-along rate
- shot-gun approach
- narrow, segmented audiences
- Growth of Print
- post World War II
- mail-order book clubs
- paperback books
- Pocket Books
- Bantam Books
- Penguin Books
- Digital Publishing
- typesetting
- layout
- photo digitization
- computer-to-plate printing
- desktop publishing
- on-demand printing
- Book Publishing
- large publishing houses
- on-demand publishers
- audiobooks
- cassette tapes
- music players and smartphones
- ebook
- mobile devices
- dedicated e-readers
- Contemporary Book Markets
- types of books
- book sellers
- trade books
- most profitable segment of book industry
- large audiences
- adult trade books
- juvenile
- professional books
- not for general readership
- specialized trades
- references
- occupational education
- textbooks
- K–12
- higher education
- small distribution
- high price
- mass-market paperbacks
- paperback books
- smaller
- less expensive than trade
- Pocket Books (1939)
- low-priced (~$10)
- instant books
- drugstores, supermarkets, and airports
- religious books
- sacred texts
- hymnals
- prayer books
- scholarly books
- published by university press
- researchers
- libraries
- Bookstores
- national chains
- small, independent bookstores
- e-stores