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- Media Technologies
- Week 14, Internet
- Modems
- portmanteau: Modulate-Demodulator
- digital bits modulated into audible sound
- carried over a telephone (POTS) line
- audible sound demodulated into digital bits
- transmission measured in baud: bits per second
- Internet
- killer app of computing
- wide area network (WAN)
- network of computer networks
- gateways from local-area networks to Internet
- layers
- bits transmitted in packets
- interoperable
- standard protocols
- FTP
- Telnet
- IMAP and SMTP
- HTTP and HTTPS
- disruption
- telephone
- postal mail
- print: newspapers and books
- sound recording
- motion pictures
- radio and television
- Wu and the Cycle
- The Master Switch
- his book is essentially a warning about monopolizing the
Internet
- coined: net neutrality
- ARPANET
- Advanced Research Projects Agency
- branch of Defense department
- started in 1958 in response to Sputnik launching
- cooperated with research universities
- headed by J.C.R. Licklider
- networks
- nodes and hubs
- centralized
- decentralized
- distributed
- distributed network
- hubless network
- all nodes were connected to each other
- designed to survive nuclear attack
- first connection
- between UCLA and Stanford
- November 1969
- message: “login”
- resulted in both computers crashing
- first public demonstration in 1972
- internetting: a network of networks
- email communication
- Ray Tomlinson developed “user@host“ convention
- Early Computer Networks
- Xerox
- LAN
- Ethernet
- Bob Metcalfe, 1973
- interoperable network
- USENET
- Tom Trusctott and Jim Ellis, 1979
- computer bulletin board
- user-generated newsgroups proliferated
- Commercial BBS
- dialup services
- closed networks
- exchange email
- post opinions
- upload and download information
- examples
- Compuserve
- Prodigy
- Dow Jones
- AOL
- opened networks via a gateway
- Computer Chronicles: The
Internet before the Web
- World Wide Web
- hyperlinks
- non-sequential hypertext, 1965
- Apple program called hypercard, 1984
- Tim Berners-Lee
- based on academic research
- documents hyperlinked to each other
- transporting text documents across computer networks
- hypertext markup language
- plain text
- markup to denote special text
- headings and emphases
- anchors and references
- easy to learn
- Mosaic
- Mark Anderseen
- University of Illinois
- first graphical world wide web browser, 1993
- average computer user could browse the web
- basis for Netscape (eventually Firefox)
- Web 2.0
- platforms for user-generated content
- Facebook
- YouTube
- Twitter
- Pinterest
- social networking
- networked individualism
- creating personal/individual networks
- not limited by kin, geography, race, class, etc.
- Standage: sharing, copying, recommending “supercharged” on
the Internet
- exacerabated by mobile
- Wikis
- Ward Cunningham, 1995
- easy and quick to edit document
- WikiWikiWeb (first)
- Wikipedia (most popular)
- Wikileaks (textbook)
- Control over the Internet
- challenges
- easy to learn
- easy to use
- hard to navigate
- attempts to tame the web
- search engines
- personalization
- walled gardens