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- Media Technologies
- Week 8, Telephone
- The Cycle
- Invention
- Disruption
- Consolidation: Monopoly
- Division: Break Up
- Reorganization
- The Cycle and Media
- Telephone
- Movies
- Television
- Invention
- Alexander Graham Bell
- voice over telegraph
- Disruption
- telegraph
- vocal communication
- no transcription necessary
- broke Western Union’s monopoly
- Consolidation
- American Telephone and Telegraph
- incorporated 1876
- Gardiner Hubbard
- Theodore Vail
- long Distance
- Local Telephone
- independent companies
- Balkanized
- interconnected by AT&T long wires
- Monopoly
- Kingsbury Commitment (1913)
- Theodore Vail returns
- natural monopoly
- anti-trust exemption
- provided universal service
- Vertical Integrated
- switches
- exchanges
- long wires
- telephone equipment
- Federal Communications Act
- passed 1934
- Federal Communications Commission
- regulated telephone as utility
- affirmed common carrier principle
- Foreign Attachments
- Control over Innovation
- microwave relay
- communications satellite
- Western Electric phones
- design remained the same over 50 years
- rotary dial
- “you can have any color you want”
- no foreign attachments
- Breakup
- AT&T Breakup 1984
- Ma Bell
- Baby Bells
- Effects of Breakup
- touchtone dialing
- fax machines
- answering machines
- modems
- local telephone monopolies
- long-distance telephone competition
- Telecommunications Act
- deregulated
- signed 1996
- integrated services to provide “competition”
- local
- long distance
- video
- mobile telephone
- consolidation of baby bells
- Mobile Telephone
- consolidated industry
- landline phone companies
- dude, where’s my disruption?