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Media Technologies
Media Technologies: Class 14, Digital Media and the Internet
Media Technologies: Class 14, Digital Media and the Internet
1 Bit
1.1 binary digit
1.2 fundamental building block of computing
1.3 expressed…
1
0
1.4 logical values
yes/no
true/false
+/-
on/off
2 Byte
2.1 basic unit of digital information
usually eight bits
2.2 basic meaningful computer unit
a letter of text
3 Storage
3.1 Paper Storage
punch cards
eat hole represented one bits
3.2 Magnetic Storage
magnetic tape
magnetic disks
3.3 Optical Storage
magento-optical drives
CD and DVD
4 Diodes
vacuum tubes
Thomas Edison 1883
John Fleming 1904
Lee deForest 1912
4.5 ENIAC
electronic numerical integrator and calculator
processed calculations for the hydrogen bomb
5 Transistors
5.1 Texas Instruments 1947
5.2 Minicomputers
cabinet sized computers
6 Microprocessors
Intel 1971
silicon switches
microcomputers
7 Altair 8800
7.1 microcomputer, 1975
7.2 mail order
7.3 Altair BASIC
written by Bill Gates
Microsoft’s first product
7.4 specs
Intel 8080 processor
256 bytes
front panel with lights
$400 kit. assembled for $500.
8 Alto
8.1 Xerox PAC
8.2 first personal computer
8.3 1973
8.4 desktop metaphor
mouse
GUI
files
folders
desktop
8.5 Ethernet
high-speed LAN
Bob Metcalfe
9 Apple Computer
9.1 Apple II
personal computer, 1977
Steve Jobs and Wozniak
9.2 Macintosh
1984
graphic user interface
Hypercard
linking on keywords or icons
10 International Business Machines
10.1 IBM PC
10.2 IBM PC, Jr.
11 Computer networking
11.1 Local Area Network
network of computers in a given location
Livermore National Lab
11.2 Wide Area Network
network of computers across a different locations
SAGE
11.3 we still use LANs and WANs today
12 ARPANET
12.1 Advanced Research Projects Agency
branch of Defense department
started in 1958 in response to Sputnik launching
cooperated with research universities
headed by J.C.R. Licklider
12.2 distributed network
computer network
decentralized
designed to survive nuclear attack
12.3 first connection
between UCLA and Stanford
November 1969
message: “login”
resulted in both computers crashing
12.4 first public demonstration in 1972
email communication
internetting
: a network of networks
12.5 standardized protocols
packet switching
email
Ethernet
TCP/IP
13 Closed Networks
13.1 BITNET
email for university professors
13.2 USENET
discussion group system
13.3 NSFNet
National Science Foundation
1986
merged existing networks
14 Bulletin Board Systems
14.1 exchange email
14.2 post opinions
14.3 upload and download information
15 Commercial Internet
15.1 NSF withdrew funding
15.2 opened network to commercial users in 1991
15.3 post Cold War
16 World Wide Web
16.1 Tim Berners-Lee
16.2 1991
16.3 hypertext markup language
16.4 World Wide Web
linked documents
transporting text documents across computer networks
17 Mosaic
17.1 Mark Anderseen
17.2 University of Illinois
17.3 first graphical world wide web browser
17.4 average computer user could browse the web
17.5 basis for Netscape (eventually Firefox)
18 Why the web succeeded?
18.1 cheap network access (for some)
modems
telephone network
local access telephone numbers
breakup of AT&T
18.2 easy to use
visual
point-and-click
hypertextual = rabbit hole
18.3 easy to produce web content
early web servers were sponsored (university, government, etc.)
free web server: Apache
HTML is markup, not a programming language
HTML is open source