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Media Technologies
Media Technologies: Class 9, Movies
Media Technologies: Class 9, Movies
Invention of Cinema
1.1 Motion Pictures
Muybrdige’s zoopraxiscope
Marey’s photo gun
Goodwin’s celluloid film
Eastman’s roll film
1.2 Kinetograph
Thomas Edison
WKL Dickson
1891
1.3 Kinetoscope
1894
peep show
parlors
25ยข for five one-minute reels
1.4 Cinematographe
Auguste and Louis Lumiere
camera and projector
public screening
Grand Cafe screenings, 1895
1.5 Vitagraph
Edison acquired patents
projector
1.6 Nickelodeons
theaters devoted to only motion pictures
nickel to dime admission cost
popular among working class immigrants
insatiable appetite for movies
intense competition
Motion Picture Patents Company
2.1 Edison
2.2 Latham Loop
2.3 Patent Pool
2.4 Standards
one-reel films
exclusive production agreements
anonymous actors
Independents
3.1 exhibitors and distributors
Carl Laemmle
William Fox
Marcus Loew
Adolf Zukor
3.2 feature films
Queen Elizabeth
3.3 stars
Sarah Bernhardt
Florence Lawrence
Mary Pickford
Studio System
4.1 vertical integration
4.2 production
assembly line production
4.3 distribution
block booking
4.4 exhibition
price discrimination
first-run picture palaces
Coming of Sound
5.1 challenges to film sound
amplification
synchronization
little interest among majors
5.2 sound-on-film
Phonofilm
Lee DeForest
Theodore Case
solved synchronization
poor sound fidelity
Fox-Movietone
5.3 sound-on-disc
Western Electric
public address system
condensor microphone
superior amplification and fidelity
inferior distribution, synchronization, editing
Warner Brothers’ Vitaphone
5.4 reorganized studio system
Big Five
MGM
Paramount
Warner Brothers
20th Century-Fox
Radio Keith Orpheum
Little Three
Universal
Columbia
United Artists
Television
6.1 Radio Corporation of America
6.2 World’s Fair 1939
6.3 Post World War II growth
suburbanization
nuclear families
rapid adoption
6.4 Competition
widescreen cinema
color
6.5 Cooperation
movie rentals for television
television program production
Conglomeration
7.1 MCA-Universal
7.2 Warner Communications
7.3 Film executives vs. Filmmakers
Hollywood Auteurs
8.1 Foreign film
8.2 Competition of Television as Mass Medium
8.3 Rating System
8.4 New Hollywood 1970s
Francis Ford Coppola
Martin Scorsese
8.5 End of New Hollywood, 1979
Apocalypse Now
Heaven’s Gate
retrenchment of studios