Juan Monroy
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  1. Home
  2. Courses
  3. Contemporary Media
  4. Video Games

Video Games

  • Video Game Hardware
    • Consoles
    • Desktop and Notebook Computers
    • Handheld
    • Interactive TV
    • Mobile Devices
  • First-Generation Consoles
    • video consoles
    • transistor consoles
    • one-screen game play field
    • games hardwired
    • line, block, and dot graphics
    • e.g., home version of Pong
  • Second-Generation Consoles
    • 8-bit microprocessor consoles
    • ROM cartridges
    • shapes and sprites: 160 × 192 pixels
    • 2–16 colors
    • sounds of beeps and buzzes
    • e.g., Fairchild F (1976), Atari 2600
  • Third-Generation Consoles
    • 8-bit computing consoles
    • tile-and-sprite based graphics: 320x200 pixel
    • D-pad game controllers
    • 25–32 colors, from a 256-color palette
    • e.g., Nintendo Entertainment System (1983)
  • Fourth Generation Consoles
    • 16-bit computing consoles
    • multi-button game controllers
    • complex parallax scrolling, multi-layer tilemap backgrounds, with pseudo–3D scaling & rotation
    • 64–4096 colors on screen, from a 65,536-color palette
    • e.g., Super Nintendo Entertainment System (1990)
  • Fifth Generation Consoles
    • 32-bit and 64-bit computing consoles
    • 3D polygon graphics with texture mapping
    • optical disc (CD-ROM) game storage
    • display resolution from 480i to 576i
    • 16,777,216 colors on screen
    • e.g., Playstation and N64
  • Consoles
    • Gaming consoles are optimized for the speed and graphics that many games require
    • Sony Playstation
    • Microsoft Xbox
    • Nintendo Wii/Switch
  • Consoles and Convergence
    • Consoles connect to the internet
    • Various apps can also be downloaded
    • Allowing users to stream video
      • Netflix
      • Hulu
      • Amazon Prime Video
    • Watch sports
      • ESPN
      • MLB.tv http://MLB.tv
    • Play music
      • Pandora
      • Spotify
  • Desktop/Laptop Computers
    • advanced personal computers
    • graphics and sound cards
    • custom controller
    • CD, DVD, or Blu-Ray drive
    • headphones
    • HDTV resolution
  • Handheld game devices are…
    • Portable machines that are primarily designed for game play.
    • Nintendo DS / Nintendo 3DS
    • PlayStation Portable / Play-Station Vita
    • Sales have plummeted in recent years
    • Competition from multipurpose mobile devices
  • Interactive Television (iTV)
    • Cable, satellite, and telco operators are charging customers beyond basic fees to access playing areas with their remote-control devices.
    • Much of the iTV gaming is done via the set-top box
    • Satellite companies—whose technologies do not allow for two-way interactions with customers—can get in on the action
  • Mobile Devices
    • Multipurpose handheld computing device that can be used as a portable gaming platform
    • Increasingly popular
    • Phone and tablet owners purchase games through the app store of the device’s manufacturer or the creator of its operating system
  • Post-Console Hardware
    • Cloud computing games
    • Controllers
      • Dance pads
      • Light guns
      • Virtual reality
    • Screens
      • 3D games
      • Augmented reality
    • Rules
      • Continuously changing games
      • Artificial intelligence
  • Video Game Software
  • Video Game Publishers
    • Companies that coordinate the production of video games.
    • Large video game companies arrange for the marketing and distribution of their games to their intended audiences.
    • Smaller publishers will partner with special distribution firms (sometimes the larger video game firms) to help them get the material out to the marketplace.
  • Major Hardware Makers have Publishing Divisions
    • Exclusive Titles
    • Nintendo: Super Mario and Pokémon
    • Sony: Gran Turismo
    • Xbox: Halo
  • Third-Party Publishers
    • Companies that are unaffiliated with hardware companies.
    • Electronic Arts
    • Activision Blizzard
    • Ubisoft
    • Take-Two Interactive
  • Video Game Genres
  • Action Games
    • present challenges that emphasize combat or involve attempts to escape being captured or killed
    • Shooter games
      • Involve a character going through a dangerous environment hunting for bad guys
      • First-person: show the environment from the perspective of the character with the weapon; that character (whose full body you don’t see) is controlled by the player
      • Third-person: the player does see his or her character moving through the environment as the players uses the controls
      • Examples:
        • Halo
        • Call of Duty
        • Resident Evil
    • Competitive fighting games
      • Emphasizes one-on-one combat between two or more characters, one or more of whom may be controlled by the computer
      • Mortal Kombat
      • Virtua Fighter
      • SoulCalibur
    • Platform games
      • involve traveling by running and then jumping between levels and over obstacles in order to avoid being eliminated and to reach a goal
      • Super Mario Brothers
      • Temple Run 2
      • Mighty No. 9
  • Adventure Games
    • Characterized by their focus on exploration and a story rather than on challenges that require the quick use of reflexes
    • Myst
    • Legend of Zelda series
  • Casual Games
    • challenges with fairly straightforward rules that make them easy to learn and play
    • Puzzle
    • Card
    • Board
    • Word
  • Simulation Games
    • Involve players in the creation and cultivation of certain worlds that are designed to be realistic
    • Building urban environments
      • SimCity
      • FarmVille
    • related to particular industries (Stock Exchange, Roller Coaster Tycoon)
      • Stock Exchange
      • Roller Coaster Tycoon
    • narrower simulations
      • Raising pets: Neopets
      • Flying jets MS Flight Simulator
  • Strategy Games
    • Require a careful assessment of a situation and wise actions in order to win a competition or war.
  • Sports Games
    • Focus on playing the sport or focus on the strategy behind the sport
    • Madden NFL series
    • Football Manager
  • Education Games
    • specifically designed to teach people about a certain subject, expand concepts, reinforce development, understand an historical event or culture, or assist them in learning a skill as they play
    • edutainment: teaching-oriented video games that are designed to have educational outcomes for specific groups of learners
    • Reader Rabbit
    • Zoombinis
    • Mavis Beacon Teaches Typing
    • The Big Brain Academy: Wii Degree
  • Casual Gamers
    • Women and men who are older than the hard-core types and/or who like to play less intense (though not necessarily less difficult) games than the hard-core types; these games include puzzle, card, board, and word games
    • Popular category supposedly preferred by women aged 25 years and older
    • Includes puzzle, card, board, and word games, sometimes with fictional characters.
  • Hard-core Gamers
  • Massively multiplayer online role-playing game
    • Popular among hard-core gamers
    • a player uses a client to connect to a server, usually run by the publisher of the game, which hosts the virtual world and stores information about the player
    • User controls a character represented by an avatar—a character that represents the user and that can be directed to fight villains, interact with other characters, acquire items, and so on.
    • World of Warcraft is the number-one subscription-based MMORPG in the world, despite sharp decreases in the number of players from around 11.5 million in 2009 to about 7.1 million at the start of 2015.
    • Guild Wars 2
    • Star Wars: The Old Republic
    • Final Fantasy XIV.
  • Video Game Revenue
    • Transaction between Publisher and Player
    • Cash
    • Advertising
    • Personal Data
  • Advertising
    • Custom Games
    • Embedded Ads
    • Dynamic In-Game Advertising
  • Mobile Game Revenue
    • Pay to Pay
    • Freemium
      • Basic versions of freemium games are free to download
      • Users pay to…
        • eliminate advertisements
        • access additional levels of the game
        • purchase in-game items
  • Social Games
    • Games played through social networks
    • Among the world’s most popular
    • Linking to Facebook Accounts
    • Players serve as promotional agents for the game, advertising their in-game activities to their friends.
    • Zynga and Playfish are major publishers
      • FarmVille
      • Words with Friends
      • CityVille
      • Mob Wars
      • The Sims Social
  • Concerns About Content
    • Advertising
    • Depiction of Women - #Gamergate https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9781317401025/epub/OEBPS/xhtml/content.xhtml#bck_Ch014_box0611b
    • Violence
  • Concerns About Privacy
    • Social Games
    • Zynga connects to Facebook
    • Facebook account stores vast amounts of user data
    • Transactional databases
  • Concerns About Self-Regulation
    • Privacy and Self-Regulation
    • Federal Trade Commission
      • Notice
      • Choice
      • Access
      • Security
      • (Not Privacy)
  • Content and Self-Regulation
    • the video game industry has set up a rating system much as the movie and television industries have done
    • ESRB Ratings
      • rating pending
      • EC (early childhood)
      • E (everyone)
      • E 10+ (everyone 10+)
      • T (teen)
      • M (mature—17 and older)
      • AO (adults only)
    • Content descriptors
      • “alcohol reference”
      • “intense violence”
      • “use of tobacco”

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