- Home
- Courses
- Contemporary Media
- Recorded Music
- Music Industry
- Hardware plus Software
- Hardware: durable machines and physical components
- Software: consumables to be used with hardware
- Sheet music
- Tin Pan Alley publishing district of New York
- Pianos
- Player Pianos
- perforated paper
- metallic rolls
- Music Boxes
- pins
- revolving cylinder or disk
- tuned teeth of a steel comb
- Sound Recording
- Phonographic Cylinders
- Thomas Edison’s phonograph
- dismissed as a toy
- office recording machine
- Gramophone Disks
- Emile Berliner’s Gramophone
- 10" 78 RPM
- 7" 45-RPM (RCA)
- 12" 33-RPM (Columbia)
- Magnetic Tape
- Germany, 1930s
- magnetic particles on a plastic tape
- allows for editing
- multitrack recording
- Cassette Tapes
- ¼ inch magnetic tape
- home recording
- “Home Taping is Killing Music…and it’s Ilegal”
- Pre-recorded cassettes
- Compact Discs
- digital audio
- encoded on a sheet of metal
- encased in a plastic sheet
- red laser optical disk
- Digital Files
- binary code
- codec: coder decoder
- sound encoded as computer code
- compression
- smaller files
- reduced storage
- faster transport
- Recording Industry
- oligopoly
- not vertically integrated
- lots of horizontal integration
- Big Three
- Sony Music, Sony, Japan
- Universal Music Group, Vivendi, France
- Warner Music, Access Industries, USA
- Collection of Labels
- owned by the Big Three
- function like imprints in book industry
- started as owned by a fan of a style of music
- cater to specific musical tastes
- industry consolidation since 1970s
- Independents
- hundreds and thousands of independent labels
- fourth largest distributors in the US
- low barriers to entry account for large presence of independents
- Popular Music Genres
- Children
- Christian/Gospel
- Classical
- Country
- Dance/Electronic/EDM
- Holiday/Seasonal
- Jazz
- Latin
- Pop
- R&B/Hip-Hop
- Rock
- Physical Music Packages
- Singles
- 7-inch vinyl records
- CD singles
- 1990s: retail $3–5 per unit
- Albums
- 12-inch vinyl records
- CD albums
- 1990s: retail $12–15 per unit
- Online Music Packages
- Began with iTunes Music Store, 2003
- Songs: $0.99
- Albums: $9.99
- response to P2P downloading
- 70–30 revenue split
- it was either that or nothing
- Physical Media
- Compact Discs
- CD singles
- Music videos
- Vinyl records
- Physical Media Retailers
- Tower, closed 2006
- Virgin Megastore, closed 2009
- FYE
- Target
- Walmart
- Amazon
- Starbucks
- Major Recording Company Promotion
- In-Store Sampling
- Radio Airplay
- Print: interview or album review in magazines
- Online
- Downloading
- Ringtones
- Streaming
- Internet radio
- Online Sales/Downloads Stores
- iTunes
- Amazon
- Google Play
- Online Streaming Services
- Spotify
- Tidal
- Apple Music
- Google Play Music
- YouTube Music
- Digital Lockers
- Online Promotion
- MySpace
- YouTube
- Facebook
- other social media sites
- Billboard Music Charts
- Hot 100
- singles chart
- sales
- Nielsen SoundScan
- digital downloads
- radio play
- online streaming
- Hot Song Charts
- Rock
- Latin
- R&B/Hip Hop
- Dance/Electronic
- Country
- Top 200
- Royalties
- Three authors
- composers
- publishers
- performers
- Performance Royalties
- Mechanical Royalties
- Piracy
- Counterfeiting
- Bootlegging
- Illegal downloading
- P2P sites