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Introduction to Electronic Media
Electronic Media: Digital Media and the Internet
Electronic Media: Digital Media and the Internet
1 Bit
1.1 binary digit
1.2 fundamental building block of computing
1.3 expressed…
1
0
1.4 logical values
yes/no
true/false
+/-
on/off
2 Byte
2.1 basic unit of digital information
usually eight bits
2.2 basic meaningful computer unit
a letter of text
3 Storage
3.1 Magnetic Storage
magnetic tape
magnetic disks
3.2 Optical Storage
magento-optical drives
CD and DVD
4 Computer Processors
4.1 Diodes
vacuum tubes
Thomas Edison 1883
John Fleming 1904
Lee deForest 1912
4.2 Transistors
Texas Instruments 1947
Minicomputers
cabinet sized computers
4.3 Microprocessors
Intel 1971
microcomputers
5 Computers and the Military
5.1 electronic computer
John Vincent Atanasoff
World War II
deployed for military use
5.2 Colossus
British Secret Service
Alan Turing
crack Nazi codes
5.3 ENIAC
electronic numerical integrator and calculator
processed calculations for the hydrogen bomb
5.4 SAGE Air Defense
Wide Area Network (WAN)
modems
warned of coming Russian bombers
5.5 Livermore California atomic weapon lab
linked computers
local area network
6 Alto
6.1 Xerox PAC
6.2 first personal computer
6.3 1973
6.4 desktop metaphor
mouse
GUI
6.5 Ethernet
high-speed LAN
Bob Metcalfe
7 Altair 8800
7.1 microcomputer, 1975
7.2 mail order
7.3 Altair BASIC
written by Bill Gates
Microsoft’s first product
7.4 specs
Intel 8080 processor
256 bytes
front panel with lights
$400 kit. assembled for $500.
Apple Computer
1 Apple II
personal computer, 1977
Steve Jobs and Wozniak
2 Macintosh
1984
graphic user interface
Hypercard
linking on keywords or icons
9 International Business Machines
9.1 IBM PC
9.2 IBM PC, Jr.
10 Prestel
10.1 1979
10.2 Great Britain
10.3 Videotex
TV set displays
text only
11 Bulletin Board Systems
11.1 exchange email
11.2 post opinions
11.3 upload and download information
12 Commercial Internet
12.1 NSF withdrew funding
12.2 opened network to commercial users in 1991
12.3 post Cold War
13 World Wide Web
13.1 Tim Berners-Lee
13.2 1991
13.3 hypertext markup language
13.4 World Wide Web
linked documents
transporting text documents across computer networks
14 Mosaic
14.1 Mark Anderseen
14.2 University of Illinois
14.3 first graphical world wide web browser
14.4 average computer user could browse the web
14.5 basis for Netscape (eventually Firefox)
15 Advanced Research Projects Agency
15.1 branch of Defense department
15.2 started in 1958 in response to Sputnik launching
15.3 cooperated with research universities
15.4 headed by J.C.R. Licklider
16 ARPANET
16.1 distributed network
computer network
decentralized
designed to survive nuclear attack
16.2 first connection
between UCLA and Stanford
November 1969
message: “login”
resulted in both computers crashing
16.3 first public demonstration in 1972
email communication
internetting
: a network of networks
17 Technical Standards
17.1 “Esperanto for machines”
17.2 packet switching
Paul Baran
fundamental mode of communication for the Internet
17.3 TCP/IP
Vincent Cerf
17.4 Internet names and numbers
Jon Postel
17.5 electronic mail
Ray Tomlinson
18 Closed Networks
18.1 BITNET
email for university professors
18.2 USENET
discussion group system
19 NSFNet
19.1 National Science Foundation
19.2 1986
19.3 merged existing networks