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1 |
News
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1.1 |
Newswire Services
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Associated Press
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Reuters
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Agence-France Press
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1.2 |
New Media
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developed content for broadcast media
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reach readers directly via the Internet
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2 |
Radio
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2.1 |
remains the main mass media throughout the world
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2.2 |
International Radio
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shortwave radio
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Africa One
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Voice of America
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Radio France
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BBC
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2.3 |
National Radio
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national networks
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2.4 |
Local Radio
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cultural proximity
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local music
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local news, weather, information
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niche audiences
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Welsh radio in Wales
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keep language alive
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3 |
Music
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3.1 |
global reach of commercial music
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music industry
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Vivendi-Universal
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Warner
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Sony
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EMI
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Phillips
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globalized youth audience
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3.2 |
local
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regional music industries
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distinct genres
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3.3 |
technology
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music file sharing
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increased traffic of niche genres commercially unavailable
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also a threat of privacy
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3.4 |
protectionism
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quotas on radio stations
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Canadian content laws
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subsidies to local music industry
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4 |
Film
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4.1 |
dominance of Hollywood films
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average Hollywood film is $80 million
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high degree of risk for independent producers
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linguistic barriers limit market size
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high barrier to entry to new entrants
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4.2 |
initiatives for global film production
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distribution through major Hollywood distributors
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international co-productions
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subsidies for national film industries
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destination for Hollywood productions
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4.3 |
advantages for Hollywood films
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enormous size of US domestic market
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simple, entertainment and universal films
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destination for international talent (brain drain)
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highly developed international distribution system
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5 |
Video
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5.1 |
home video constitutes majority of film viewing
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5.2 |
US productions dominate in video rental stocks
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5.3 |
ethnic video stores in world cities
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5.4 |
highly developed distribution system for local productions
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China
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South Korea
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Turkey
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India
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Latin America
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6 |
Television
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6.1 |
ownership
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public
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private
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government
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6.2 |
Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe
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TV as development
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TV as a tool to develop society
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demand for entertainment exists
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competition from satellite television
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Access
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TV access is unequal throughout the world
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poor nations have little access to television
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expense of production
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lack of infrastructure to support television
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broadcasting towers
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unreliable electricity
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6.3 |
Public Ownership
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common in Western Europe
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operated by government or public corporations
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government funds
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license fees
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promote education and culture
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6.4 |
Private Ownership
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common in Canada, Latin America, and US
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Canada restricts imported programming
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proximity to US
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shared language
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Privatization
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print publishers entering TV broadcasting
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converting public to private
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commercial pressures
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entertainment vs. education
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prominence of advertising
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6.5 |
global TV flow
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global markets
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American TV common
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national
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transnational linguistic markets
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national and local markets
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import quotas
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European Economic Community: 50%
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reduced production costs
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production formats
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Wheel of Fortune
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Survivor
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local news
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7 |
Multichannel TV
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7.1 |
growth of satellite
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direct broadcasting satellite
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spans borders
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7.2 |
new channels
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expansion of US cable channels into new markets
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localized cable channels
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Star TV
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targeted toward specific markets
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global news
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new perspectives on newstories
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digital television
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Japan and Europe: 1998
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US: 2009
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8 |
Telecommunications
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8.1 |
satellite networks
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INTELSAT
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PANAMSAT
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INMARSAT
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ArabSat
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Eutelsat
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8.2 |
fiber optic
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AT&T
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Cable and Wireless of Great Britain
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8.3 |
global telcos
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RBOCs in US
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France Telecom
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Telefonica in Spain
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8.4 |
communications technology
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mobile telephony
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text messaging
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WiFi
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Internet telephony
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Skype
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VOIP
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9 |
Internet
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9.1 |
single network
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cheap
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international
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high speed
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high capacity
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international network
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9.2 |
digital divide
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prolific in First World
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Europe
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Australia
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North America
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Japan
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slower spread outside of First World
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9.3 |
worldwide network
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high broadband adoption
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Singapore
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South Korea
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non-profits and NGOs
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human rights groups
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churches
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labor unions
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political parties
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protest movements
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email
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Twitter
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cell phones
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global communication
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world wide web
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email
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social networks
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Global Information Flow
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