Juan Monroy — Convergence

Competition
- monopoly
- oligopoly
- limited competition
Conglomeration
- regulation
  - age of scarcity
  - seven-station rule (1934)
  - duopoly rule: cannot own more than one station in a local market
  - relaxed to twelve stations in 1980s
  - newspaper-broadcast cross ownership rules (1975)
  - Financial Rules on Syndication (1971)
  - Prime Time Access Rule (1971)
- deregulation
  - age of abundance
  - Telecommunications Act 1996
  - radio
    - national restrictions: eliminated number of stations
    - local restrictions: can own up to eight stations in the largest markets
  - television
    - national restrictions: eliminated number of stations
    - local restrictions: can have a duopoly in the largest markets
    - cannot reach more to 39% of the national audience (yes, it’s confusing)
  - newspaper-broadcast cross ownership rules (2007)
Conglomeration
- mergers and acquisitions
  - ITT merger with ABC 1963
  - AT&T Breakup 1984
  - General Electric acquires RCA 1986
  - Disney acquires ABC 1995
  - Time Warner acquires Turner 1995
  - AOL acquires Time Warner 2001
  - AT&T Cable merger with Comcast 2001
  - Comcast acquisition of NBC 2009
- Fordism
- flexible markets
Convergence
- magazines, radio, and cable TV specialized markets
- synergy extended to international markets
- digital media
- digital media conglomerates
  - Amazon
  - Apple
  - Facebook
  - Google
  - Microsoft
Culture
- purpose of copyright to promote science and useful arts
- hegemony
- cultural imperialism