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American Film Industry
American Film Industry: Class 14: Hollywoods Second Century
American Film Industry: Class 14: Hollywoods Second Century
1 Conglomerates
1.1 a large company with holdings in multiple media industries
film
television
radio
music
publishing
Internet
1.2 maintain control over
production
distribution
exhibition/consumption
1.3 Media Conglomerates
1970s conglomerates were from a variety of industries
Kinney National
Gulf and Western
Coca Cola
Modern media conglomerates
strictly media companies
“synergy”
use content from one medium in another
1.4 Big Six
Time Warner
Warner Brothers
News Corporation
20th Century Fox
Comcast
Universal Pictures
Walt Disney
Walt Disney Pictures, Miramax, Pixar
CBS-Viacom
Paramount
Sony
Sony Pictures (formerly Columbia Pictures)
1.5 Holdings of Big Six
Movies
Television
Music
Theme Parks
Newspapers
Magazines
1.6 New New Blockbusters
Four “S” of blockbuster movie scale
size
scope
speed
sound
Financial Focus on…
production costs
marketing
box office revenue
franchise films
sequels and prequels
based in popular literature
adaptations of TV, Comic Books
appeal to widest possible audience
lowest common denominator
international audiences around the world
2 Marketing
2.1 follows consumer research methods
focus groups
test screenings
2.2 advertising intensity
begin marketing 6–8 months before a film’s release
2.3 trailers
teaser trailer
story trailer
2.4 Whither the auteur?
is the filmmaker the author?
is it the marketing department?
is it the test audiences?
3 Distribution
3.1 saturation release
“In Theaters Everywhere…”
4,000 - 5,000 screens
domestic revenue heavily based on the opening weekend
3.2 marketability vs. playability
3.3 popularity of box office returns
everyone seems to know what the highest grossing films of a weekend
4 Innovations in Exhibition
4.1 reliable exhibition platforms
film
VHS
digital video
4.2 multichannel sound systems
4.3 stadium seating
5 Technology
5.1 IMAX screenings of popular films
5.2 Three Dimension
Dolby Digital 3D
Real 3D
5.3 Hight Frame Rate
48 fps
The Hobbit
files.hfrmovies.com—The_Hobbit_An_Unexpected_Journey_Trailer.m p4 <http://files.hfrmovies.com/The_Hobbit_An_Unexpected_Journey_T railer.mp4>
David Bordwell on “The Gearheads”www.davidbordwell.net—the-gearheads
http://www.davidbordwell.net/blog/2012/05/13/the-gearheads/
5.4 Direct to Home
the failed experiment of
Tower Heist
Comcast cable subscribers
Universal Pictures
National Association of Theater Owners (NATO) protested
6 Piracy
6.1 MPAA Content Thefts mpaa.org—types-of-content-theft
http://mpaa.org/contentprotection/types-of-content-theft
Camcorder
Optical Disc
Theatrical
Peer-to-Peer
Streaming
Screener Theft
Signal Theft
Illegal Public Performance
6.2 Combating Online Infringements and Counterfeits Act" (COICA)
allowed the Attorney General to censor the Internet in the name of copyright enforcement
6.3 Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA)www.eff.org—coica-internet-censorship-and-copyright-bill <https://www.eff.org/issues/coica-internet-censorship-and-copyrigh t-bill>
Internet Blacklist
Target List
6.4 The Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PROTECT IP or PIPA)
Injunctions against websites
Third-party providers can be subject to court orders
7 All designed to combat declining theatrical audience